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David and Goliath: How Boutique Firms Triumph

Tom Spencer

Competitive Pricing Boutique firms often lack the traditional overhead and operational costs plaguing larger firms, which allows them to offer clients more competitive pricing. Larger firms also tend to have high operational costs, which means clients end up paying more than the advertised sticker price for each project.

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Bank Valuation: Understanding Key Ratios and Metrics

Tom Spencer

Image 1: Illustrative example of a bank’s net interest income and margin Source: CIBC’s 2022 Annual Report 1.2 Efficiency ratio The efficiency ratio measures effective cost management and operational efficiency, and is defined as non-interest expenses divided by revenue. All else being equal, a lower number is better.

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